If an electric starter, lights, electric flight instruments, navigation aids or radios are desired, an electrical system becomes a necessity. The aircraft is started by means of a flywheel and crank arrangement or by "hand-proping" the engine. The piston engine is equiped with a Magneto ignition system, which is self powering, and the fuel tank is situated so it will gravity feed the engine. Some very simple single engine aircraft do not have an electrical system installed. They are used for both aircraft startup and as an emergency source of power in the event of a generation or distribution system failure. Batteries are usually either of the lead-acid or NICAD types but lithium batteries are becoming more and more common. The generator output is also used to charge the aircraft battery(s). Individual components are powered from the bus with circuit protection in the form of a Circuit Breaker or fuse incorporated into the wiring. The generator output will normally be directed to one or more distribution Bus. Power from the generator may be used without modification or it may be routed through transformers, rectifiers or inverters to change the voltage or type of current. Generator output is normally 115-120V/400HZ AC, 28V DC or 14V DC. These are usually engine driven but may also be powered by an APU, a hydraulic motor or a Ram Air Turbine (RAT). Depending upon the aircraft, generators or alternators are used to produce electricity. However, the electrical system for aircraft at both ends of the complexity spectrum share many of the same basic components.Īll aircraft electrical systems have components with the ability to generate electricity. The electrical system capacity and complexity varies tremendously between a light, piston-powered, single-engine general aviation aircraft and a modern, multi-engine commercial jet aircraft.
General DescriptionĪn electrical system is an integral and essential component of all but the most simplistic of aircraft designs.
All Rights Reserved.An aircraft electrical system is a self contained network of components that generate, transmit, distribute, utilize and store electrical energy. All content of the Dow Jones branded indices © S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC 2019 and/or its affiliates. Standard & Poor's and S&P are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and Dow Jones is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC. Dow Jones: The Dow Jones branded indices are proprietary to and are calculated, distributed and marketed by DJI Opco, a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and have been licensed for use to S&P Opco, LLC and CNN.
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